The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault ( Figure 7.3). The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. Identify the bony openings of the skull.Identify the bones and structures that form the nasal septum and nasal conchae, and locate the hyoid bone.Name the bones that make up the walls of the orbit and identify the openings associated with the orbit.Define the paranasal sinuses and identify the location of each.Locate and define the boundaries of the anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossae, the temporal fossa, and infratemporal fossa.Locate the major suture lines of the skull and name the bones associated with each.List and identify the bones of the brain case and face.It is the process to the right of "zygomatic" in the image.By the end of this section, you will be able to: The temporal process, long, narrow, and serrated, articulates with the zygomatic process of the temporal. It is the area below "zygomatic" in the image. The maxillary process presents a rough, triangular surface which articulates with the maxilla. It is the gloomy area beneath the lac(rimal) and ethmoidal bones in the image. The orbital process is a thick, strong plate, projecting backward and medialward from the orbital margin. This tubercle is not seen in the picture. On its orbital surface, just within the orbital margin and about 11 mm below the zygomaticofrontal suture is a tubercle of varying size and form, but present in 95 per cent of skulls (Whitnall 43). The cranial suture between the frontal and zygomatic bone is found here. The frontosphenoidal process is thick and serrated. The zygomatic bone itself has four processes, namely the frontosphenoidal, orbital, maxillary and temporal processes. The anterior root, continuous with the lower border, is short but broad and strong it is directed medialward and ends in a rounded eminence, the articular tubercle (eminentia articularis).The posterior root, a prolongation of the upper border, is strongly marked it runs backward above the external auditory meatus.The posterior end is connected to the squama by two roots, the anterior and posterior roots: The anterior end is deeply serrated and articulates with the zygomatic bone. The medial surface is concave, and affords attachment to the masseter. The lateral surface is convex and subcutaneous. The inferior border, short, thick, and arched, has attached to it some fibers of the masseter. The superior border is long, thin, and sharp, and serves for the attachment of the temporal fascia. This process is at first directed lateralward, its two surfaces looking upward and downward it then appears as if twisted inward upon itself, and runs forward, its surfaces now looking medialward and lateralward. The zygomatic process of the temporal bone is a long, arched process projecting from the lower part of the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Zygomatic process of frontal bone Zygomatic process of frontal bone The zygomatic process is occasionally referred to as the zygoma, but this term usually refers to the zygomatic bone or occasionally the zygomatic arch. The term zygomatic derives from the Greek Ζυγόμα, zygoma, meaning "yoke".
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